Drones pose several significant risks to manned aviation. The most critical one is the risk of collision, especially during critical phases of flight like take-off and landing. Even a small drone can cause severe damage to an aircraft's windshield, engine, or other critical surfaces due to the high closing speed. Furthermore, if a drone is ingested into an engine, it could lead to engine failure or fire. Beyond physical damage, a drone sighting can cause workload increase and stress for the flight crew, and may lead to airspace closures or diversions, causing significant disruptions.无人机对有人机构成了若干重大风险。最关键的是碰撞风险，尤其是在起飞和降落等关键飞行阶段。由于相对速度极高，即使是一个小型无人机也可能对飞机的风挡、发动机或其他关键表面造成严重损坏。 此外，如果无人机被吸入发动机，可能导致发动机故障或起火。除了物理损坏，发现无人机会增加飞行机组的工作负荷和压力，并可能导致空域关闭或改航，造成严重的运行中断。

Identifying a drone can be challenging due to their small size. However, they often have some distinctive features. They are typically very small in size and move at relatively low speeds compared to general aviation aircraft. Many have a multi-rotor design (like quadcopters) and may appear as a small, cross-like or star-like shape. They might hover or make unpredictable movements, which is unusual for manned aircraft. Visually, they can be just a small, dark speck in the sky that seems out of place.由于体积小，识别无人机可能具有挑战性。然而，它们通常具有一些显著特征。它们通常体积非常小，并且与通用航空器相比，以相对较低的速度移动。许多无人机具有多旋翼设计（如四旋翼），可能呈现为一个小的、十字形或星形的物体。 它们可能会悬停或进行不可预测的移动，这对于有人机来说是不寻常的。在视觉上，它们可能只是天空中一个看起来不协调的黑色小点。

The standard procedure involves several key steps focused on safety and communication. First, I would immediately inform ATC using clear phraseology, such as "Traffic Alert, [Callsign], we have a drone sighting at our [position/altitude]." I would provide a description and direction of movement if possible. Second, I would assess the situation and consider requesting a deviation from our current flight path to avoid a potential collision, while adhering to ATC instructions. Third, I would inform the other flight crew members and ensure we all maintain a good visual scan. We would also reference the QRH (Quick Reference Handbook) or company-specific procedures for any additional guidance. The priority is to maintain safe separation and keep ATC fully informed.标准程序包括几个侧重于安全和沟通的关键步骤。 首先，我会立即通知空管，使用标准用语，例如_"警报，[呼号]，我们在[位置/高度]发现无人机。"_ 如果可能，我会提供描述和移动方向。 其次，我会评估情况，并考虑请求偏离当前飞行路径以避免潜在碰撞，同时遵守空管的指令。 第三，我会通知其他飞行机组成员，并确保我们都保持良好的目视观察。我们也会查阅QRH（快速检查单） 或公司特定程序以获取额外指导。优先事项是保持安全间隔并让空管充分了解情况。

When reporting a drone to ATC, I should provide a concise but comprehensive report. Key information includes: （1）Our callsign and current position/altitude. （2） Time of the sighting. （3）The drone's position relative to our aircraft (e.g., off the left wing, 2 o'clock, 1 mile). （4）The drone's altitude and direction of flight if discernible. （5） A brief description of the drone (e.g., small, multi-rotor, color).向空管报告无人机时，我应提供简洁而全面的报告。关键信息包括： 我们的呼号和当前位置/高度。 发现的时间。 无人机相对于我机的位置（例如，左翼外，2点钟方向，1英里）。 无人机的高度和飞行方向（如果能够辨别）。 简要描述无人机（例如，小型、多旋翼、颜色）。

Pilots play a crucial role in risk mitigation. Firstly, maintaining a high standard of visual scanning, especially below 10,000 feet and near airports, is essential for early detection. Secondly, effective and timely communication with ATC is vital. Reporting every sighting helps build situational awareness for controllers and other pilots, and aids authorities in identifying problematic areas. Finally, staying informed about NOTAMs that mention drone activities in our route and being extra vigilant in those areas is a key proactive measure. Good Crew Resource Management, where both pilots are actively looking for traffic, including drones, is fundamental.飞行员在风险缓解中扮演着关键角色。首先，保持高标准的目视观察，尤其是在10，000英尺以下和机场附近，对于早期发现至关重要。 其次，与空管进行有效且及时的沟通至关重要。报告每一次发现有助于为管制员和其他飞行员建立情景意识，并协助当局识别问题区域。 最后，及时了解NOTAMs中关于我们航路上无人机活动的信息，并在这些区域格外警惕，是一项关键的主动措施。良好的机组资源管理，即两名飞行员都积极搜寻包括无人机在内的交通，是根本。

Before a flight, pilots can obtain information about unmanned aircraft from several sources. First, NOTAMs often list active UAV operations in specific areas, including their altitudes, times, and locations. Second, aeronautical charts may show permanent or temporary danger areas where UAVs are frequently used. Third, the flight planning briefing from dispatch or AIS includes known UAV activity. Fourth, some countries have dedicated websites or apps that publish real-time drone flight information. Finally, ATC can provide updates on UAV activity during flight. Pilots should always check NOTAMs carefully before each flight, as UAVs can pose a serious collision risk, especially near airports or at low altitudes.飞行前，飞行员可以从多个来源获取无人机信息。第一，航行通告通常会列出特定区域内活跃的无人机活动，包括其高度、时间和位置。第二，航图可能显示无人机常用的永久或临时危险区。第三，来自签派或航情服务的飞行计划简报会包含已知无人机活动信息。第四，一些国家有专门的网站或应用程序发布实时无人机飞行信息。最后，空管可以在飞行中提供无人机活动的最新信息。飞行员应在每次飞行前仔细检查航行通告，因为无人机可能造成严重的碰撞，尤其是在机场附近或低空。

This is a high-risk scenario that requires immediate and decisive action. My first action would be to execute a go-around immediately. I would simultaneously notify ATC with a clear and urgent call, for example: "[Tower/Callsign], GO-AROUND! We have a drone on the glide path." During the go-around, I would follow the standard procedure and climb as directed. I would then provide ATC with as much detail as possible about the drone's position and appearance. The decision to go-around is critical here because continuing the approach with an obstruction on the glide path poses an unacceptable risk of collision.这是一个高风险情景，需要立即采取果断行动。 我的第一个行动是立即执行复飞。同时，我会用清晰紧急的呼叫通知空管，例如："[塔台/呼号]，复飞！下滑道上有无人机。" 在复飞过程中，我会遵循标准程序并按指令爬升。之后，我会向空管提供尽可能详细的无人机位置和外观信息。在此情况下，决定复飞至关重要，因为在下滑道上存在障碍物的情况下继续进近会带来不可接受的碰撞风险。

If I see a drone near my aircraft during flight, my first action is to maintain aircraft control and avoid sudden maneuvers that could upset the flight path. I will immediately report the drone’s position, altitude, and direction to ATC. If the drone is close and poses an immediate collision risk, I will take evasive action, such as a gentle turn or altitude change, but always within safe limits. After the event, I will file a safety report so that authorities can investigate. I will not try to chase or intentionally hit the drone, as that could damage my aircraft. The most important thing is to keep the aircraft stable, communicate with ATC, and land as soon as practical if the threat persists.如果在飞行中看到无人机靠近我的飞机，我的首要行动是保持飞机控制，避免可能扰乱飞行路径的突然机动。我会立即向空管报告无人机的位置、高度和方向。如果无人机很近并构成直接的碰撞风险，我会采取规避机动，如平缓转弯或改变高度，但始终在安全限度内。事件发生后，我会填写安全报告，以便当局调查。我不会试图追逐或故意撞击无人机，因为这可能损坏我的飞机。最重要的是保持飞机稳定、与空管沟通，如果威胁持续，在可行的情况下尽快着陆。

UAV stands for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. It is an aircraft that operates without a human pilot on board. In practice, the terms “UAV” and “drone” are often used interchangeably, but there is a subtle difference. “Drone” is a more general term that can refer to any unmanned aircraft, including consumer quadcopters, military UAVs, or even autonomous aircraft. “UAV” is a more technical term used in aviation regulations and documentation. All UAVs are drones, but not all drones are technically considered UAVs — some very small drones may not meet the legal definition of an aircraft. For pilots, the important thing is that any unmanned aircraft, regardless of name, can be a hazard to manned flight. UAV代表无人驾驶航空器。它是一种没有人类飞行员在机上操作的航空器。在实际使用中，“UAV” 和 “drone” 这两个词经常互换使用，但存在细微差别。“Drone” 是一个更通用的术语，可以指任何无人航空器，包括消费级四旋翼、军用无人机甚至自主飞行器。“UAV” 是航空规章和文件中使用的更具技术性的术语。所有 UAV 都是 drone，但并非所有 drone 都被严格视为 UAV—— 一些非常小的无人机可能不符合航空器的法律定义。对飞行员而言，重要的是任何无人航空器，无论名称如何，都可能对有人飞行造成危害。