Every airplane generates wake turbulence, which poses a threat to flight safety. Due to the pressure differential across the wing, wake vortices form around the wingtips. The heavier the aircraft, the stronger the wake vortices. Additionally, in good weather conditions, wake turbulence persists longer.每架飞机都会产生尾流，尾流对飞行安全存在威胁。由于机翼上下存在压力差，会在机翼尖端周围形成尾流涡旋。飞机重量越大，尾流涡旋越强。此外，在天气良好时，尾流持续的时间更长 。 Wake turbulence is turbulent air generated by preceding aircraft, mainly from wingtip vortices. It forms when air flows around the wings during flight, spreading outward, upward and then sinking. Larger aircraft, higher speed and calm wind conditions can cause stronger and longer-lasting wake turbulence. 尾流是前机飞行时产生的紊乱气流，主要由翼尖涡流形成。飞机飞行时，空气绕机翼流动，产生向外、向上扩散后下沉的气流，即尾流。机型越大、飞行速度越快、风速越小时，产生的尾流越强且持续时间越长。

I think wake turbulence is dangerous to a flight. If we encounter wake turbulence, there will be a slight roll on one side and a stronger roll on the other side. This makes our aircraft difficult to control and may even cause passenger injuries or loss of aircraft control. We should do our best to avoid wake turbulence.我认为尾流对飞行有危险。如果遭遇尾流，飞机一侧会有小幅倾斜，另一侧倾斜幅度更大。这会让飞机难以操控，甚至可能导致乘客受伤或飞机失控。我们应尽力避让尾流 。 Wake turbulence endangers flight safety by making the following aircraft hard to control or even lose control. It can cause altitude and heading loss, reduced aircraft performance, structural damage, and injuries to crew and passengers. In severe cases, it may lead to aircraft crash, especially during takeoff, landing or climb phases. 尾流会导致后续飞机难以操控甚至失控，造成高度和航向丢失、飞机性能下降、结构损伤，还可能导致机组和乘客受伤，严重时引发坠机事故，在起飞、着陆或爬升阶段威胁尤为突出。

1 If we get too close to the preceding aircraft, we may encounter wake turbulence. To avoid it, we must maintain adequate separation from the preceding aircraft. Additionally, we should wait at least 2 minutes after a departing aircraft.若与前方飞机距离过近，就可能遇到尾流。为避让尾流，必须与前方飞机保持足够间隔。另外，在前机起飞后，应至少等待 2 分钟（再进入相关空域） 。 2  When you takeoff or land behind a medium or large heavy aircraft, you encounter wake turbulence. Pilots should keep safe separation with preceding aircraft. If a heavy aircraft is just taking off or landing ahead, the pilot behind must wait at least 3 minutes. If a medium aircraft is ahead, the pilot behind must wait no less than 2 minutes. 在中大型重型飞机后方起飞或着陆时，可能遭遇尾流 turbulence。飞行员应与前机保持安全间隔：若前机为重型飞机且刚起飞或着陆，后方飞行员需等待至少 3 分钟；若前机为中型飞机，需等待不少于 2 分钟。

If we fly into the wake turbulence generated by a preceding aircraft, it may make the aircraft difficult to control and cause it to lose altitude.若飞入前方飞机产生的尾流中，可能会使飞机难以操控，还会导致飞机掉高度 。 Wake turbulence endangers flight safety by making the following aircraft hard to control or even lose control. It can cause altitude and heading loss, reduced aircraft performance, structural damage, and injuries to crew and passengers. In severe cases, it may lead to aircraft crash, especially during takeoff, landing or climb phases. 尾流会导致后续飞机难以操控甚至失控，造成高度和航向丢失、飞机性能下降、结构损伤，还可能导致机组和乘客受伤，严重时引发坠机事故，在起飞、着陆或爬升阶段威胁尤为突出。

We can keep enough separation from the preceding aircraft to avoid the wake turbulence.我们可与前方飞机保持足够间隔来避让尾流。 To avoid wake turbulence, ATC must maintain standard separation. Pilots follow separation rules: wait 3 minutes after a heavy aircraft, 2 minutes after a medium one. Monitor frequency, avoid flying behind large aircraft closely, and request ATC for proper spacing. During takeoff/landing, keep a safe distance from preceding aircraft. 避免尾流的措施包括：空管执行标准间隔调配；飞行员严格遵守间隔规则（重型机后等待3分钟，中型机后等待2分钟）；密切监控通讯频率，避免紧跟大型飞机飞行；向空管申请合理间隔；起飞和着陆阶段与前机保持安全距离。

If caught in wake turbulence, maintain aircraft control calmly, avoid over-maneuvering. Keep stable speed and altitude, monitor flight attitude closely. Inform ATC promptly. If turbulence is severe, reduce thrust appropriately, keep wings level, and ensure passengers and crew are strapped in to prevent injuries.飞进尾流后，应冷静保持飞机控制，避免过度操纵；维持稳定速度和高度，密切监控飞行姿态；及时告知空管；若颠簸剧烈，适当减小推力，保持机翼水平，确保机组和乘客系好安全带以防止受伤。